| APPROACH:
Runoff plots similar in design to those used by Baird and co-workers (Cole et al., 1997) at Oklahoma State University will be constructed at the Landscape Horticulture Research Center on the University of Illinois campus. Runoff will be generated through an in-ground sprinkler system capable of delivering two different rates of simulated precipitiation. The general approach will consist of the application of three pesticides (Daconil, Banner and Subdue Maxx) of varying solubility to turgrass plots. In order to quantify pesticide runoff, all plots will be subjected to a runoff event using the in-ground sprinkler system. The runoff will be collected, filtered to remove sediment and passed through a solid phase extraction cartridge to remove each pesticide. In order to determine the concentration of pesticides in solution in runoff, the concetration of pesticides in this extract will be determined using the most appropriate methods.
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CRIS NUMBER: 0189628
SUBFILE: CRIS
PROJECT NUMBER: ILLU-875-345-T
SPONSOR AGENCY: NIFA
PROJECT TYPE: HATCH
PROJECT STATUS: TERMINATED
MULTI-STATE PROJECT NUMBER: (N/A)
START DATE: Oct 1, 2001
TERMINATION DATE: Sep 30, 2005
GRANT PROGRAM: (N/A)
GRANT PROGRAM AREA: (N/A)
CLASSIFICATION
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| 133 | 0210 | 2000 | 6.1 | 25% |
| 133 | 2130 | 1140 | 6.1 | 75% |
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CLASSIFICATION HEADINGS
KA133 - Pollution Prevention and Mitigation
S2130 - Turf
S0210 - Water resources
F1140 - Weed science
F2000 - Chemistry
G6.1 - Ensure Clean Water and Air
RESEARCH EFFORT CATEGORIES
| BASIC |
25% |
| APPLIED |
75% |
| DEVELOPMENTAL |
(N/A)% |
KEYWORDS: pesticides; runoff; turf grasses; crop management; groundwater; surface waters; water contamination; best management practices; pollution control; water pollution; environmental impact; irrigation schedules; application timing; optimization; quantitative analysis; clipping; formulations; rain simulators; concentration
PROGRESS: Jan 1, 2004 TO Dec 31, 2004
Pesticides are commonly used on highly managed turfgrass sites, and pesticide runoff represents the most likely mode of off-site transport of applied pesticides. This project is designed to examine management practices that can be used to minimize the potential for pesticide runoff from turf. Our research site consists of 12 runoff plots that are 9.1 by 3.05 m with a 0.91 m buffer strip separating each runoff plot. The plots are covered with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) mowed at a height of 1.2 cm, which is typical of golf course management practices in the northern U.S. A collection flume at the base of each plot collects and delivers all runoff from an individual plot into a collection device. In 2003, a series of runoff experiments were conducted to determine the effect of time interval between application and runoff event, the effect of clipping removal versus clipping return, and the effect of post-application irrigation on pesticide runoff from
turfgrass. In 2004, effort was directed towards analyzing the results of these experiments and presenting initial findings at the 2004 American Chemical Society annual meetings. To summarize our findings to date, light irrigation (0.25 cm) after application is ineffective in reducing pesticide runoff from a future runoff event. There was a slight reduction in pesticide runoff when post-application irrigation was applied at 15 minutes after pesticide application. This may indicate that until the pesticide application has dried on the foliage, some reduction in runoff potential can be achieved by a light irrigation. However, the utility of this finding is questionable since many pesticides must be allowed to dry on the leaf surface if foliar absorption is the goal, and if root uptake is the goal, most users are instructed to irrigate immediately following the pesticide application. However, this data does indicate that better movement of the pesticide into the turf will occur if the
pesticide is watered in immediately, within 15 minutes of application. Even allowing an hour of drying time will keep more of the pesticide on the leaf surface. Secondly, the longer the interval between pesticide application and runoff, the less pesticide runoff will occur. And while that finding is obvious, it was surprising how little reduction in runoff potential occurred with time. There were no significant differences in pesticide concentration in the runoff occurred at 1, 2, or 3 days after pesticide application. Finally, we examined the effect of clipping removal on pesticide runoff. Removing clippings following a pesticide application reduced pesticide concentration in runoff by 20 to 53%, depending upon the pesticide. This practice can be helpful in reducing pesticide runoff, provided the clippings are handled in a manner that prevents any runoff or leaching from the collected clippings.
IMPACT: 2004-01-01 TO 2004-12-31
This research helps demonstrate the level of pesticides in runoff water from turf, while low, is significant. Practical management steps that can be taken to reduce pesticides in runoff water are few, but clipping removal holds the most promise for reducing the amount of pesticide residues available during a runoff event. Post-application irrigation is ineffective as a method to significantly reduce pesticide runoff. Finally, the longer the interval between pesticide application and runoff event the better, but the nature of the pesticide plays a large role in determining the reduction in runoff potential. Water soluble pesticides appear more available for runoff up to 3 days after application whereas water insoluble pesticides showed markedly reduced runoff when runoff occurs 24 hours after application or longer.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 2004-01-01 TO 2004-12-31
Branham, B.E., Mueller, J.H. and Kandil, F.A. 2004. Best management practices to reduce pesticide runoff from turf. Abstract. ACS 2004 Spring Meeting, Anaheim, CA. Abstract available at http://oasys2.confex.com/acs/227nm/techprogram/.
PROJECT CONTACT INFORMATION
| NAME: |
Branham, B. E. |
| PHONE: |
217-333-7848 |
| FAX: |
217-244-3219 |
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